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The NLS Annotated Bibliography - User Submission Form
ABMA, JOYCE C. MOTT, FRANK L. Determinants of Pregnancy Wantedness: Profiling the Population from an Interventionist Perspective Presented: Pittsburgh, PA, International Symposium on Public Policies Toward Unwanted Pregnancies, 1990 Cohort(s): NLSY79 ID Number: 3 Publisher: Author Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Issues related to the well-being of mothers and children from pregnancies that the mother deems unwanted are of continuing concern to researchers and policy makers. Using data on a cohort of young mothers from the NLSY, this paper investigates the determinants of wantedness among women whose first pregnancies resulted in live births. A nontrivial proportion of women reported that they did not want their pregnancy at that time--34 percent. Multivariate analysis tested for the independent effects of demographic factors as well as the mother's family background characteristics, other attributes and behaviors at the time of the pregnancy, and maternal attitudes and aspirations, including fertility and education/work expectations. The analyses showed that family background characteristics were not independently related to pregnancy wantedness, but being black, young and never married retained their importance for a lower likelihood of pregnancy wantedness. It appears that motivation to limit or postpone childbearing exists for white women, but for black women, orientations toward work are less incompatible with childbearing. Regardless of motivations for childbearing, large numbers of white and especially black women continue to have unwanted pregnancies, a phenomena which deserves continued research and policy attention. ABMA, JOYCE C. MOTT, FRANK L. Determinants of Pregnancy Wantedness: Profiling the Population from an Interventionist Perspective Policy Studies Review 13,1/2 (Spring/Summer 1994): 39-62 Cohort(s): NLSY79 ID Number: 3298 Publisher: Policy Studies Organization Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Although the incidence of unwanted pregnancies has declined since the early 1970s (Pratt and Horn, 1985; Anderson, 1981; Westoff, 1981), large proportions of women continue to experience unwanted pregnancies (Forrest,1987; Pratt, 1985). Of particular concern to researchers is the well-being of mothers and children from pregnancies that are unwanted or unplanned. In 1982, among women who were ever married, 10 percent of all births were unwanted, and 28 percent mistimed. Among never-married women, fully 25 percent of all births were unwanted, and about half the remaining births were mistimed (Pratt and Horn, 1985). The focus of this research is the exploration of determinants of wantedness among women whose first pregnancies result in live births. Our analyses reflect interest in whether and how pregnancy wantedness is affected by family background characteristics, early formed attitudes, value systems, and socioeconomic aspirations, as well as maternal socio-demographic status at the ti me of the pregnancy. Policy implications emerge from the findings, particularly concerning differences and similarities in the process determining unwanted first births for blacks and whites. Reprinted by permission of the publisher. Sociological Abstracts ABMA, JOYCE C. MOTT, FRANK L. Is There a 'Bad Mother' Syndrome? Evidence of Overlapping High Risk Behavior During Pregnancy Among a National Cross-section of Young Mothers Presented: Toronto, Canada, Population Association of America Meetings, May 1990 Cohort(s): NLSY79 ID Number: 4 Publisher: Population Association of America Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Growing evidence documents that significant proportions of mothers engage in behaviors considered detrimental to fetal development and infant health. These risk factors include neglect of prenatal care, excessive alcohol use, and the use of nicotine or other substances. This study explores the extent to which mothers who combine two or more of the behaviors during pregnancy, constitute a subset potentially distinct from those who engage in only one or none. The authors investigate the background factors and behaviors which differentiate these groups of mothers. The 1979 through 1986 waves of the NLSY are used for analysis of first births for about 2000 younger mothers. The study points to the limitations of population statistics on prenatal behavior patterns that present each behavior separately, and investigates the potentially compounding effect multiple risk factors can have on infants. ABMA, JOYCE C. MOTT, FRANK L. Substance Use and Prenatal Care During Pregnancy Among Young Women Family Planning Perspectives 23,3 (May-June 1991): 117-122. Also: Columbus OH: Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, 1991 Cohort(s): NLSY79 ID Number: 5 Publisher: Alan Guttmacher Institute Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Data on a cohort of young mothers from the NLSY were examined for use of alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana during pregnancies leading to first births. A substantial proportion of women (45 percent) were found to have used at least one of these substances. White women were more likely to use a substance during pregnancy than were Hispanic or black women; women with a prospective father present in the household were less likely than other women to use a substance. Compared with well-educated and older women, less-educated and younger women were more likely to smoke cigarettes or marijuana during pregnancy, but were less likely to drink alcohol. Only about 13 percent of women used more than one substance. Nineteen percent of the women received no prenatal care in the first trimester of pregnancy. Less-educated and younger women were least likely to receive early prenatal care. Multivariate analysis found no association between neglect of prenatal care and substance use. Ra ther, the analysis revealed that the two behaviors shared likely antecedents, such as whether the prospective father was in the home prior to the pregnancy. Copyright: 1991 Alan Guttmacher Institute ABMA, JOYCE C. MOTT, FRANK L. Substance Use and Prenatal Care During Pregnancy Among Younger Mothers: Linkages and Antecedents Working Paper, Columbus OH, Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, February 1991 Cohort(s): NLSY79 ID Number: 6 Publisher: Center for Human Resource Research Data on a cohort of young mothers from the NLSY were examined for use of alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana during pregnancies leading to first births. A substantial proportion of women (45 percent) were found to have used at least one of these substances. White women were more likely to use a substance during pregnancy than were Hispanic or black women; women with a prospective father present in the household were less likely than other women to use a substance. Compared with well-educated and older women, less-educated and younger women were more likely to smoke cigarettes or marijuana during pregnancy, but were less likely to drink alcohol. Only about 13 percent of women used more than one substance. Nineteen percent of the women received no prenatal care in the first trimester of pregnancy. Less-educated and younger women were least likely to receive early prenatal care. Multivariate analysis found no association between neglect of prenatal care and substance use. Rather, the analysis revealed that the two behaviors shared likely antecedents, such as whether the prospective father was in the home prior to the pregnancy. BAKER, PAULA C. KECK, CANADA K. MOTT, FRANK L. QUINLAN, STEPHEN V. NLSY Child Handbook - Revised Edition: A Guide to the 1986-1990 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth Child Data Columbus OH, Center for Human Resource Research, October 1993 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 ID Number: 2771 Publisher: Center for Human Resource Research Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This handbook is a revised edition of NLSY Child Handbook 1989. It is designed to assist users of the 1986 Merged Child-Mother Data File, briefly describes both the longitudinal data on mothers and children collected since 1979 and discusses in greater detail the 1986 cross-sectional child assessment data. BAKER, PAULA C. MOTT, FRANK L. Following Children Over Time: Child Development and Its Linkages with Family Social and Economic Transitions Presented: Ottawa, Canada, Statistics Canada Symposium on Design and Analysis of Longitudinal Surveys, 1992. Also: ftp://ftp.chrr.ohio-state.edu/pub/usersvc/Child-Young-Adult/BakerMott1992ChildrenOverTime.pdf Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 ID Number: 122 Publisher: Statistics Canada Using data from the NLSY Child surveys, this paper explores how family poverty and maternal employment are linked to changes in childrens' cognitive and behavioral outcomes. The analyses employ a change score approach to first assess short-term changes in child outcomes between two successive data points (1986 to 1988 or 1988 to 1990) and levels family conditions in that interval, controlling for prior individual and family attributes. Results are then provided for a longer period over three survey points from 1986-1990 which suggest that cognitive and socioemotional change for children can vary, depending on the duration of time between base and end point as well as other factors such the child's race and maturational level. BAKER, PAULA C. MOTT, FRANK L. Improving Data Quality through CAPI: Evidence from the 1994 NLSY Child and Young Adult Data Presented: San Francisco, CA, Population Association of America Meetings, April 1995 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult ID Number: 2772 Publisher: Population Association of America Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The 1994 fielding of the NLS Youth marked the initiation of two new survey components, a comprehensive CAPI interview with the older children of the NLSY mothers and a conversion to CAPI much of the NLSY Child data collection. Launched on the heels of a full scale CAPI fielding of the NLSY in 1993, the 1994 NLSY Young Adult and Child CAPI surveys generally showed improvements in data quality. CAPI interviews were completed with by a Young Adult sample of 980 and a Child sample of 6040. This paper highlights some of the ways in which the introduction of CAPI affected survey completion rates, item nonresponse, and data preparation in the 1994 round of the NLSY Child and Young Adult. We address issues associated with the collection and processing of the child assessment data as well as the in-depth interviews completed with the older children of the female NLSY females. BAKER, PAULA C. MOTT, FRANK L. NLSY Child Handbook 1989: A Guide and Resource Document for the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1986 Child Data Columbus OH: Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, 1989 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLS General, NLSY79 ID Number: 123 Publisher: Center for Human Resource Research This handbook, designed to assist users of the 1986 Merged Child-Mother Data File, briefly describes both the longitudinal data on mothers and children collected since 1979 and discusses in greater detail the 1986 cross-sectional child assessment data. It places the NLSY child data collection efforts in the context of the NLSY surveys and explains the link between data found on the child tape and variables found either in the main cohort data set or in other special NLSY tapes. The child handbook describes each of the child assessments administered during the 1986 survey round and the criteria used in their selection. It outlines field procedures used in administering the assessments, interviewer training required, and types of field conditions encountered. Information is included on how the assessments were scored and what types of summary scores appear on the merged tape. Descriptive materials about the assessments are discussed including tabular information relating the distribution of various outcome scores to a number of child and maternal characteristics, correlations between the various assessments, selected reliability coefficients, and a discussion of potential biases due to attrition. Data users are informed of certain nuances of the various assessments and limitations of these data and provided with specific instructions on how to properly access and use the child variables. Of particular importance to users is a section discussing the nature of the mother and child samples. A number of descriptive tables, details on the child data tapes, and related documentation are provided. BORUS, MICHAEL E. MOTT, FRANK L. NESTEL, GILBERT Counting Youth: A Comparison of Youth Labor Force Statistics in the Current Population Survey and the National Longitudinal Surveys In: Conference Report on Youth Unemployment: Its Measurement and Meaning. U.S. Department of Labor, Washington DC: U.S. GPO, 1978 Cohort(s): Young Men, Young Women ID Number: 265 Publisher: U.S. Department of Labor This report focuses on the accuracy of employment- related measures in the (CPS) Current Population Survey by comparing those estimates with NLS estimates. The results indicate that NLS data report: (1) considerably higher labor force participation among young men and women, especially those who attend school; (2) significantly higher unemployment rates for young women and approximately the same rates for young men; (3) more unemployed seeking part-time employment; (4) higher levels of unemployment; and (5) youth who are employed were more likely to work either part time or overtime depending on their age. BURCHETT-PATEL, DIANE GRYN, THOMAS A. MOTT, FRANK L. Families of Men: Exploring Relationship Dynamics with the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth Presented: New York NY, Population Association of America Meetings, March 1999 Cohort(s): NLSY79 ID Number: 3387 Publisher: Population Association of America Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. In this paper, we will explore the limits of paternal responsibility in a longitudinal context. Using data from the 1987 to 1996 waves of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, we examine the upper limits of paternal responsibility for the period and compare this with a more traditional cross-sectional perspective examining single-year paternal responsibility. We will contrast single-year (1996) reports for both biological and nonbiological children, in and out of the man's household, with the cumulative reports, as reported at any survey point over the 1987 to 1996 period. In addition to an overall examination of these patterns and ratios, we will contrast evidenced patterns for men who have followed different relationship profiles over the period. This includes a comparison of men who have been in a stable marriage arrangement with men who have been primarily in partnership arrangements and men who have followed less stable relationship patterns. CHASE-LANSDALE, P. LINDSAY MOTT, FRANK L. BROOKS-GUNN, JEANNE PHILLIPS, DEBORAH A. Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY): A Unique Research Opportunity Developmental Psychology 27,6 (November 1991): 918-931 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLS General, NLSY79 ID Number: 386 Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The data set known as Children of the NLSY offers unusual opportunities for research on questions not easily pursued by developmental psychologists. This article provides a history of children of the NLSY, describes the data set with special focus on the child outcome measures and a subset of maternal life history measures, highlights several of the research and policy relevant issues that may be addressed, and shows how the intersection of children's and mother's lives may be studied in less static, more life-course oriented ways. Exemplars are given in the topics of maternal employment and child care, adolescent pregnancy and child rearing, divorce, poverty, and multigenerational parenting. Implications of research using children of the NLSY for the field of developmental psychology and interdisciplinary collaboration are discussed. [PsycINFO] COOKSEY, ELIZABETH C. MOTT, FRANK L. Gender Differences in Sexual Activity: What Role do Parents Play in Shaping Behaviors? Presented: New Orleans LA, Population Association of America (PAA) 2008 Annual Meeting, April 17-19 2008 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult ID Number: 5841 Publisher: Population Association of America Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The social context in which adolescent sexual activity occurs has changed considerably in the recent past. Our prior research suggests that the effects of maternal sexual experience have differential impact on male and female teens. In this paper, we will attempt to unpack potentially different messages about sex given by mothers who experienced early sexual initiation themselves by using current data on mother child interactions relevant to sexual activity. We use data from the 1979-2004 waves of the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) and their associated child files from 1986 onwards, plus the 1996-2006 NLSY79 Young Adult data. Our sample includes youth from two different cohorts: those who are 14-16 in 1996 and those who are 14-16 in 2006. Results from this project will be an important step forward to better understanding the familial dynamics of a key dimension of the transition to adulthood. COOKSEY, ELIZABETH C. MOTT, FRANK L. HANGO, DARCY WILLIAM Why Do Some Adolescents Have Risky Sex? The Role of Family Background, Childhood Behaviors and Adolescent Relationships Presented: Atlanta, GA, Population Association of America Annual Meetings, May 2002 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult ID Number: 3910 Publisher: Population Association of America Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. More than half of American youth have had sexual intercourse by the time they turn 18. Despite recent increases in condom use among adolescents, many teens fail to engage in "safe" sexual practices and hence put themselves at risk of both unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. Using a life course perspective and data from the NLSY from 1979 through 2000, we explore the question of why some youth engage in risky sex whereas others either abstain from intercourse altogether, or engage in safe sexual practices at various ages between 15 and 20. Drawing on our own previous research findings, as well as the findings of others concerning the importance of romantic relationships to the likelihood of sexual intercourse, we pay particular attention to how relationship profiles in early adolescence might relate to later patterns of sexual behavior, and to potentially important differences in relationship trajectories and sexual practices by race and gender. COOKSEY, ELIZABETH C. MOTT, FRANK L. NEUBAUER, STEFANIE A. Friendships and Early Relationships: Links to Sexual Invitation among American Adolescents Born to Young Mothers Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 34, 3 (2002): 118-126. Also: http://www.agi-usa.org/pubs/journals/3411802.html Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult ID Number: 3974 Publisher: Alan Guttmacher Institute Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. CONTEXT: Preadolescent friendships and early teenage dating relationships have implications for adolescent sexual initiation that may differ by race and gender. METHODS: Data on participants in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and their children are used to profile friendship and dating patterns among a sample of youth born to relatively young mothers. Logistic regression analyses examine whether these patterns predict early sexual initiation, and whether there are differences associated with gender and race. RESULTS: As youth moved from late childhood to midadolescence, they shifted from having almost exclusively same-sex, same-grade friends to having more relationships with persons who are of the opposite sex and older. By ages 15-16, 34% had had sexual intercourse; the proportion was significantly higher among blacks (45%) than among others (31%). Most adolescents reported neither frequent dating nor a steady partner by ages 15-16, although the prevaleance of such reports was related to friendship patterns in late childhood. Twelve percent of youth who initiated sex in early adolescence did so outside of a dating relationship. For most subgroups examined, the odds of initiating intercourse during early adolescence were associated with going steady, but not with frequency of dating. CONCLUSIONS: Prior social networking is an important element in predicting early sexual activity. Overall, youth whose mothers gave birth at young ages remain sexually inexperienced into middle adolescence, but certain subgroups are more likely than others to initiate early sexual activity. COOKSEY, ELIZABETH C. MOTT, FRANK L. NEUBAUER, STEFANIE A. Relationship Trajectories Among American Adolescents Presented: Los Angeles CA, Population Association of America Meetings, March 2000 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult ID Number: 3556 Publisher: Population Association of America Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. INTRODUCTION EXCERPT: In this research, we focus on the role that friendship groups and relationship patterns in middle childhood and early adolescence might play in either speeding up or delaying sexual debut. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) mother and child data bases, we profile the gender and age balance of friendship groups, and the nature and intensity of heterosexual relationships as youth mature from middle childhood through the early adolescent years. We then explore whether or not these early friendship and relationship patterns appear linked through differential tendencies to become sexually active. Are there distinctly normative progression pathways in early adolescent relationships? Is there evidence that early sexual activity may be linked with distinctly non-normative prior friendship and relationship patterns? In our explorations, we play close attention to variations between boys and girls, and between black, non-Hispanic white and Hispanic youth. D'AMICO, RONALD HAURIN, R. JEAN MOTT, FRANK L. Effect of Mother's Employment on Adolescent and Early Adult Outcomes of Young Men and Women In: Children of Working Parents: Experiences and Outcomes. C. Hayes and S. Kammerman, eds., Washington DC: National Academy Press, 1983 Cohort(s): Mature Women, Young Men, Young Women ID Number: 512 Publisher: National Academy Press This research uses data from mother-daughter and mother-son pairs to examine the effects of mother's employment on her children's educational attainments, early adult sex role attitudes, career attainments, fertility expectations and plans to work. Measures of mother's employment include several items tapping the extent of her labor force participation when her children were still young. The models also include measures of mother's educational attainment and sex role attitudes as controls. None of the measures of mother's employment has any important effect on any of the outcome measures of either sons or daughters. However, mother's educational attainment and sex role attitudes did have some strong effects, especially for daughters. GRYN, THOMAS A. MOTT, FRANK L. Paternal Relationship History and Male Fertility: Evidence from the NLSY Presented: Atlanta, GA, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, May 2002 Cohort(s): NLSY79 ID Number: 3926 Publisher: Population Association of America Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This paper uses unique longitudinal data for a national sample of over 4,000 men and their children in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth who were repeatedly interviewed between 1979 and 1998 to examine cumulative and parity-specific fertility trajectories, and their linkages with the patterning of relationships over time. A particular focus will be on exploring the extent that black, white, and possibly non-black Hispanic, respondents differ in these linkages. In addition to describing trajectories for these men as they age from middle/late adolescence to their late thirties, we use event history methodology to explore the determinants of progression to a first birth, and from a first to second birth sorting out the extent to which marriage, cohabitation histories, as well as the number of different reported partners in these relationships impact on parity progression independent of a number of socio-economic and demographic antecedents, and how this varies by race/ethnicity. HAURIN, R. JEAN MOTT, FRANK L. Adolescent Sexual Activity in the Family Context: The Impact of Older Siblings Demography 27,4 (November 1990): 537-557. Also: Columbus OH: Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, 1989 Cohort(s): NLSY79 ID Number: 919 Publisher: Population Association of America Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Using approximately 2,000 sibling pairs from the NLSY, this study examines the influence of an older sibling's age at first sexual intercourse upon the sexual initiation of a younger sibling. Hypotheses about differences by gender- composition of the pair are tested using a framework derived from social comparison theory and a two-stage failure-time model. Results provide evidence of a direct, but modest sized older sibling effect for white, but not black youth. This effect is approximately equal in magnitude for same- and opposite-sex siblings. Little support is offered for the greater salience and association of sexual activity for brother-brother as compared to sister-sister pairs. HAURIN, R. JEAN MOTT, FRANK L. Social Policy and Demographic Change: Trends in Survival for U.S. Males in the Years Preceding Retirement, 1966-1981 Columbus OH: Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, 1987 Cohort(s): Older Men ID Number: 920 Publisher: Center for Human Resource Research Using data from the NLS of Older Men (1966-1981), this paper examines the extent to which survival prospects for men in the years immediately preceding the normal retirement age have been affected by the many changes in medical and health care and in Social Security retirement and disability provisions during the period. Hypotheses relating both to generalized improvements in survival probabilities and to the narrowing of survival differentials between population subgroups defined by socioeconomic, marital, health and employment status are tested. Results indicate that many of the traditionally evidenced differentials narrow or vanish over the period. Consistent with expectations, the greatest improvement in survival is evidenced for the retired, particularly those with health problems. The selective improvement in survival chances for this group is related to ongoing transitions in medical and health care as well as retirement trends in general. HOFFERTH, SANDRA L. REID, LORI LYNN MOTT, FRANK L. A Cohort/Period Comparison of the Effects of the Timing of Childbearing on Schooling, using the NLSY and the PSID Presented: New York NY, Population Association of America Annual Meetings, March 1999 Cohort(s): NLSY79 ID Number: 3710 Publisher: Population Association of America Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This paper compares estimates from the NLSY and the PSID of the effects of early childbearing on the schooling of different cohorts of young women and in different historical periods. The purpose is, first, to see whether estimates of early childbearing are similar across the two data sets and, second, to see whether the effects of early childbearing on schooling have changed over cohorts or birth periods. The data come from the National Longitudinal Survey of the Labor Market Experience of Youth and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. The results show, first, that the results are similar for the two data sets. Second, the effects of early childbearing on schooling have declined somewhat in recent historical periods. However, the effects still disadvantage young women, most specifically, because such young women do not attend college. HOFFERTH, SANDRA L. REID, LORI LYNN MOTT, FRANK L. Effects of Early Childbearing on Schooling Over Time Family Planning Perspectives 33, 6 (November/December, 2001): 259-627 Cohort(s): NLSY79 ID Number: 3835 Publisher: Alan Guttmacher Institute Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Context: In recent studies, the effects of teenage childbearing on the schooling of young women have been smaller than those in earlier research. The discrepancy has been attributed to the use in the later studies of controls for unmeasured differences between young women who start childbearing early and those who do not, but could instead reflect changes in the effect of early childbearing over time. Methods: Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of the Labor Market Experience of Youth and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics are used to identify the reasons for this difference. Logistic regression, ordinary least-squares regressions and fixed-effects models examine the impact of early childbearing on rates of high school graduation and college attendance, and number of years of schooling completed through age 29. Results: The two data sets show a significant negative impact of a teenage birth on rates and years of completed schooling. For example, teenage mothers completed 1.9-2.2 fewer years of education than do women who delay their first birth until age 30 or older. Moreover, compared with women who give birth at age 30 or older, teenage mothers have odds of high school completion 10-12% as high and odds of postsecondary schooling 14-29% as high. Unobserved differences between young mothers and their childless peers reduce, but do not eliminate, the effects of early births. Effects on high school completion declined in recent periods because more young women completed high school, regardless of the timing of their first birth. However, the gap between early and later childbearers in postsecondary school attendance widened from 27 to 44 percentage point between the early 1960s and the early 1990s. Conclusions: Given the current importance of a college education, teenage childbearers today are at least as disadvantaged as those of past generations. JEKIELEK, SUSAN MARIE MOTT, FRANK L. MENAGHAN, ELIZABETH G. COOKSEY, ELIZABETH C. Changes in Family, Contributions to Children's Home Environments, and Child Well-Being Presented: Chicago, IL, Population Association of America Meetings, April 1998 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 ID Number: 3134 Publisher: Population Association of America Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The objective in this research is to examine the extent to which father presence/absence associations with child behavior problems reflect changes in children's home environments during the same period. I focus on children's propensity to exhibit "acting out" behaviors (Oppositional Action) over a four year interval from middle childhood (ages 6-7) to early adolescence (ages 10-11) for a national sample of 1,917 children drawn from the Child-Mother data set of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Previous findings from this research project suggest important differences by gender and race for the outcome of Oppositional Action. Briefly, recent absenting of a biological father appears very damaging for white boys but not for black boys. Girls exhibit generally similar patterns to those for white boys; however, black girls seem to be little affected by whether or not a father is present. In the current paper I explore the extent to which such patterns might be explained by changes in the quality of children's home environments. KOWALESKI-JONES, LORI MOTT, FRANK L. Adolescent Risk Taking: Do Youth Learn with Experience? Working Paper, revised presentation, New Orleans LA, Population Association of America Meetings, May 1996 Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult ID Number: 2769 Publisher: Population Association of America Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. In this research, we investigate the extent to which early sexual activity, the use of contraception and early parenthood may be linked with a range of proximate attitudes and behaviors, controlling for a wide range of family and maternal priors. The data we use are from the 1979-1992 waves of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) and the linked 1994 young adult data file. Our sample includes about 900 youth, mostly between the ages of 14 and 18 as of the 1994 survey date. Using a partial correlation approach, we find that youth who are inclined towards risk taking are more likely to be sexually active but only girls perhaps give thought to the implications by showing some awareness of a risk in their contracepting behavior. Additionally, there is fairly persuasive and systematic evidence that for girls only, early sex, not using contraception and indeed, having a child are indeed in various ways linked with depression, having low self esteem, and having little sense of control. KOWALESKI-JONES, LORI MOTT, FRANK L. Early Sex and Early Childbearing: Risk Taking and Learning the Hard Way Presented: New Orleans, LA, Population Association of America Meetings, May 1996 Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult ID Number: 3319 Publisher: Population Association of America Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. KOWALESKI-JONES, LORI MOTT, FRANK L. Family and Youth Behavioral and Social-Psychological Antecedents of Adolescent Smoking Among High Risk Youth Presented: Washington, DC, Annual Meetings of the Population Association of America, March 1997. Also: Working Paper, Center for Human Resource Research, September 1996. Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult ID Number: 2770 Publisher: Center for Human Resource Research Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. In this work, we use a large national data set to explore how longer term socio-economic family and maternal as well as psychological antecedents predict both contemporary as well as longer term smoking behavior for a large sample of relatively high risk American youth. There are essentially two linked components to this research. First, we consider the relevance of longer term socio-economic and demographic prior characteristics as predictors of longer and shorter term smoking behavior. Then, controlling for this full range of priors, we explore issues which are of some interest, particularly to developmental and child psychologists; are there causal connections between childhood hyperactivity and adolescent smoking or is the often found connection spurious, in that it really reflects a likelihood that both hyperactivity and smoking behavior are intimately linked with other dimensions of child and adolescent behaviors? Additionally, to what extent does youthful smoking have an intergenerational connection independent of all the other potentially spurious factors which we are able to measure? The availability of long term maternal, family and behavioral trajectories for the NLSY youth and their families permit us to partially untangle competing hypotheses. KOWALESKI-JONES, LORI MOTT, FRANK L. Family and Youth Behavioral and Social Psychological Antecedents of Adolescent Smoking Among High Risk Youth Presented: Washington, DC, Annual Meetings of the Population Association of America, March 1997 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult ID Number: 2965 Publisher: Population Association of America Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. KOWALESKI-JONES, LORI MOTT, FRANK L. Sex, Contraception and Childbearing Among High-Risk Youth: Do Different Factors Influence Males and Females? Family Planning Perspectives 30,4 (July/August 1998) 163-169 Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult ID Number: 3163 Publisher: Alan Guttmacher Institute Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Context: The likelihood that adolescents will engage in sexual activity, use contraceptives or become parents is influenced by a range of attitudes and behaviors. These factors may differ for males and females. Methods: Data on female respondents to the 1979-1992 waves of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and the linked 1994 young adult data file on their children provided background information on 959 adolescents who had been born to young mothers. Partial correlation analysis was used to examine the factors related to sexual behavior, contraceptive use and childbirth, controlling for maternal and familial characteristics, in this relatively disadvantaged sample. Results: Youth who are inclined toward risk-taking and those who have run away from home are more likely than others to be sexually active. For young women, having intercourse at an early age, not using contraceptives and having a child are linked with depression, low self-esteem and little sense of control over their lives. The results for young men are less consistent and often in the opposite direction. Young people who have become parents evidence greater maturity than their childless peers; women are less likely to consume alcohol or to spend time with friends who drink and men are more likely to participate in socially productive work. Conclusions: Although sexual behavior is tied to risk taking in both adolescent males and females some noticeable psychological differences are evidenced early. Behaviorally, there is room for optimism in that young parents appear to adopt more mature traits.
MACKE, ANNE S. MOTT, FRANK L. Impact of Maternal Characteristics and Significant Life Events on the Work Orientation of Adolescent Women: A Longitudinal Look Research in Labor Economics 3 (1980): 129-146 Cohort(s): Mature Women, Young Women ID Number: 1425 Publisher: JAI Press, Inc. A mother-daughter sample from the NLS of Mature and Young Women cohorts is used to examine important determinants of work orientation among adolescent women. The impact of maternal characteristics and other key life experiences is examined for adolescent women when they are in high school and again when they are college-aged and beyond. Findings show the importance of maternal influence, the college experience, the current family experiences (getting married, having a child). Implications for future trends in women's labor force participation, including continued racial differences, are discussed. MARSIGLIO, WILLIAM MOTT, FRANK L. Does Wanting to Become Pregnant with a First Child Affect Subsequent Maternal Behaviors and Infant Birth Weight? Journal of Marriage and the Family 50,4 (November 1988): 1023-1036 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 ID Number: 1464 Publisher: National Council on Family Relations Using data from the NLSY, the authors examined the relationship between whether or not women wanted to become pregnant with their first child, and their subsequent maternal behaviors and infant\'s birth weight. Fifty-five percent of the sample wanted to become pregnant when they did. Being a black or younger mother was associated with below average levels of pregnancy wantedness, while living in an urban area was positively associated with wantedness. In addition, it was found that while wantedness was related to most of the maternal behaviors in a bivariate context, age at childbearing and race tended to be responsible for these relationships. In a multivariate context, women who wanted their pregnancy were more likely to initiate prenatal care early in their pregnancy and more likely to gain 50 or more pounds during pregnancy. However, wantedness was not a significant predictor of: alcohol or smoking behavior, low weight gain by the mother during pregnancy, her infant\'s birth weight, whether she ever breastfed, or whether she took her infant for wellcare soon after birth. MARSIGLIO, WILLIAM MOTT, FRANK L. Does Wanting to Become Pregnant with a First Child Affect Consequent Maternal Behaviors and Infant Birth Weight? Working Paper (Revised July 1992). Columbus: The Ohio State University, Center for Human Resource Research Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 ID Number: 4105 Publisher: Center for Human Resource Research Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. MARSIGLIO, WILLIAM MOTT, FRANK L. Impact of Sex Education on Sexual Activity, Contraceptive Use, and Premarital Pregnancy Among American Teenagers Family Planning Perspectives 18,4 (July-August 1986): 151-162 Cohort(s): NLSY79 ID Number: 1465 Publisher: Alan Guttmacher Institute Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This study examined data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Labor Market Experience of Youth, a U.S. panel survey of 6,288 women and 6,398 men who have been interviewed each year since 1979 when they were 14-22 years old. The principal objectives of this research were to document the proportion of a recent cohort of teenagers who had taken a sex education course and the extent to which they were exposed to five types of course instruction, and to examine systematically the relationship between exposure to a sex education course and sex-related behaviors of young women. The findings indicated that the majority of young people (66 percent of women and 79 percent of men) had become sexually active by age 19. A notable finding was that a sizeable proportion of youth had sexual intercourse for the first time without having taken a sex education course. Among those teens who became sexually active by age 19, only 53 percent of women and 35 percent of men had taken a sex educ ation course before they first had intercourse. Analyses revealed, after controlling for a series of sociodemographic factors, that 15- to 16-year-old girls who were virgins and who had taken a sex education course were slightly more likely to initiate sexual activity within the year after their course than those who had not taken a course; no relationship was found between course taking and sexual activity for 17- and 18-year-old women. Young women who had previously taken a sex education course were significantly more likely to use effective contraceptives than were teenagers who had never had a course. However, course taking did not affect young women's probability of experiencing a nonmarital pregnancy before age 20 in a multivariate context. MAXWELL, NAN L. MOTT, FRANK L. Trends in the Determinants of Early Childbearing Population and Environment 9,2 (Summer 1987): 59-73. Cohort(s): NLSY79, Young Women ID Number: 1497 Publisher: Plenum Publishing Corporation This study uses data from the Young Women and NLSY cohorts to examine the extent to which socioeconomic background factors and race have changed in their ability to predict a first birth before age 19 between 1968 and 1980 for women aged 19 to 23. The authors find little support for their hypothesis that the increasing availability of contraception and abortion for young women from all social classes reduces the traditionally strong inverse association between social class and early childbearing. There is evidence that, even after controlling for changes in socioeconomic background factors, black young women are significantly more likely than their white counterparts to bear children before age 19 in 1980 and the relative gap between races in this regard did not alter perceptibly during that period. MAXWELL, NAN L. MOTT, FRANK L. Trends in the Determinants of Early Childbearing Presented: Chicago, IL, Population Association of America Meetings, April 1987 Cohort(s): NLSY79 ID Number: 1498 Publisher: Population Association of America Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. MAXWELL, NAN L. MOTT, FRANK L. Trends in the Determinants of Early Childbearing Presented: Population Association of America Annual Meetings, April-May, 1987 Cohort(s): NLSY79, Young Women ID Number: 2063 Publisher: Population Association of America Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This study uses data from the Young Women and NLSY cohorts to examine the extent to which socioeconomic background factors and race have changed in their ability to predict a first birth before age 19 between 1968 and 1980 for women aged 19 to 23. The authors find little support for their hypothesis that the increasing availability of contraception and abortion for young women from all social classes reduces the traditionally strong inverse association between social class and early childbearing. There is evidence that, even after controlling for changes in socioeconomic background factors, black young women are significantly more likely than their white counterparts to bear children before age 19 in 1980 and the relative gap between races in this regard did not alter perceptibly during that period. MENAGHAN, ELIZABETH G. COOKSEY, ELIZABETH C. MOTT, FRANK L. Nicotine Exposure before Birth and Children's Behavior Problems in Middle Childhood: Toward Understanding the Linkage Working Paper. Columbus OH: Department of Sociology and Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, 1998. Also: presented: Chicago, IL, Population Association of America Meetings, April 1998 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 ID Number: 3138 Publisher: Population Association of America Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Using linked child-mother data from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth (NLSY) we examine the association between maternal smoking behavior during pregnancy and children's later levels of externalizing behavior problems at ages ten and eleven. We examine to what extent this association may reflect common correlates with associated maternal resources, skills, and characteristics, be a result of associated differences in the quality of current work and family circumstances, or reflect other indicators of poorer maternal attitudes and behaviors. We also evaluate whether part of this relationship is mediated through associated child physical health, especially respiratory, problems. We consider parallel arguments for effects of current maternal smoking, and also evaluate the potential mediational role of family home environments. Only a small part of this relationship appears to be mediated through associated child physical health problems, while there is some suggestion that smoking during pregnancy may reflect associated maternal life difficulties as well as more compromised family home environments. MENAGHAN, ELIZABETH G. JEKIELEK, SUSAN MARIE MOTT, FRANK L. COOKSEY, ELIZABETH C. Work and Family Circumstances and Child Trajectories: When (and for What) Does AFDC Receipt Matter? Presented: Chicago, IL, Joint Center for Poverty Research, Pre-Conference on Family Process and Child Development in Low Income Families, May 7-8, 1998. Also: http://www.jcpr.org/wp/WPprofile.cfm?ID=39.0 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 ID Number: 3626 Publisher: Joint Center for Poverty Research Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This paper focuses on children's progress through middle childhood over a four year period, beginning with a synthetic cohort of children aged 6-7 and following them to ages 10-11. We have been particularly concerned with changes over time, seeking to link changing parental work and family circumstances with changes in the quality of parent-child interaction and with children's increases or decreases in behavior problems. In this preliminary set of analyses, we can take advantage of the longitudinal NLSY child data, and control for the initial level of child outcomes at the beginning of the study period. Thus, our main focus is on how temporal patterns of AFDC receipt are linked to changes in the quality of children's home environments, their reading skills, and their behavior. We ask three major questions. First, for the large sample of children aged 10 to 11 whom we have been following from ages 6-7, what are the patterns of AFDC receipt from year 1 through year 5? We describe those patterns, and correlate variations in AFDC receipt with the measures of maternal resources, work and family patterns over the same period. Second, are these patterns linked to three indicators of child outcomes: the quality of home environments, the child's reading ability, and the child's propensity to oppositional action (a subset of behavior problems), under varying controls? Third, following Greg Duncan's lead, we develop typologies that simultaneously consider AFDC receipt, family composition, mother's education, and mother's employment history. What are the frequencies of those types, and what are the linkages between these groups and the three child outcomes under varying sets of controls? MENAGHAN, ELIZABETH G. KOWALESKI-JONES, LORI MOTT, FRANK L. Impact of Social Stressors on Academic and Social Difficulties in Early Adolescence: Evidence from the NLSY Mothers and Children Presented: Miami FL, Population Association of America Meetings, May 1994 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 ID Number: 3317 Publisher: Population Association of America Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. MENAGHAN, ELIZABETH G. KOWALESKI-JONES, LORI MOTT, FRANK L. Intergenerational Costs of Parental Social Stressors: Academic & Social Difficulties in Early Adolescence for Children of Young Mothers Journal of Health and Social Behavior 38,1 (March 1997): 72-86 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 ID Number: 2752 Publisher: American Sociological Association Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Social stressors embedded in parents' occupational and family roles have been shown to have effects on family interaction and the cognitive and emotional development of young children. Here we consider whether these patterns also hold for children in early adolescence. We study 1158 10-14-year-old children born to the early childbearers among the female respondents of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth cohort. We find that both poor quality of parental employment and low quality of mothers' relationships with their partners have adverse effects on the cognitive stimulation and maternal warmth children receive; living in informal unions is also associated with poorer parent-child interaction. These family interaction patterns in turn both buffer the effects of stressful family conditions and shape academic and behavior outcomes directly. Some work and family conditions interact in their effects: in particular, single mothering has less advers e effects on cognitive stimulation and behavior problems when mothers are employed in occupations providing higher complexity. The effects of current conditions are diminished but seldom eliminated when we control for possible selection effects by utilizing data from earlier waves to control for earlier levels of child problems. These findings suggest that current parental social stressors continue to have consequences for both academic and behavioral outcomes during early adolescence. MENAGHAN, ELIZABETH G. KOWALESKI-JONES, LORI MOTT, FRANK L. Parental Investment and Early Adolescent Behavior Problems: Evidence from NLSY Mothers and Children Presented: Indianapolis IN, Symposium on Social Capital and Child Development at the Society for Research in Child Development Biennial Meetings, April 1995 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 ID Number: 2751 Publisher: Society for Research in Child Development Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. In describing social capital as a critical element in the formation of human capital, James Coleman calls attention to features of relationships between actors that help these relationships to serve as resources for individuals and groups. While Coleman emphasizes social capital in neighborhoods and community patterns, family relations themselves may be more or less organized to support family members' goals and actions. Coleman (1988) argues that such family social capital-as embodied in relations that are stable and dependable, marked by high frequency of interaction, and characterized by homogeneity of values and norms--is a resource enabling individuals to accomplish goals. In particular, parental efforts to develop positive bonds with their children--via support for cognitive development, warm interaction, and joint participation in activities--and to foster shared norms--via explicit discussion of parental expectations and inclusion of the child in rulemaking--should d ecrease their children's vulnerability to behavior problems and deviance. But such family social capital is not equally distributed among families. Given the importance of parent-child relationships for children's outcomes, we argue that it is critical to understand the social determinants of family interaction patterns, as well as to investigate how variations in the quality and character of relations among parents and children help to shape the behavioral choices that adolescent children make. MENAGHAN, ELIZABETH G. MOTT, FRANK L. COOKSEY, ELIZABETH C. Work, Family Patterns, and Child Well Being: Tracing Consequences over Time Presented: Toronto, Canada, Annual Meetings of the American Sociological Association, August 1997 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 ID Number: 3194 Publisher: American Sociological Association Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Our overall research objective is to describe and explain the development, maintenance, and change in children's behavior problems during middle childhood, and subsequently to examine the implications of these patterns for early adolescent behavior. We focus on two major categories of problems: a) externalizing behavior that is troubling to others, especially aggressive and antisocial behavior; and b) internalizing behavior marked by withdrawal from interaction and depressed mood. In the research we report today, we focus exclusively on the former dimension, and study what we term "oppositional action"-outward acts of behavior that often have an antisocial element to them and reflect under-control of aggressive impulses, for example, bullying others, having trouble getting along with peers and teachers, and being restless, impulsive, and short-tempered. We analyze levels of oppositional action at ages ten and eleven, and changes in levels since ages six and seven, linking both level and change to maternal and child characteristics, current work and family circumstances, and changes in those circumstances over time (see conceptural model?). MENAGHAN, ELIZABETH G. MOTT, FRANK L. COOKSEY, ELIZABETH C. JEKIELEK, SUSAN MARIE Long Reach of the Job: Effects of Mothers' Work Experiences on Oppositional Action in Early Adolescence Working Paper. Columbus OH: Department of Sociology and Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, 1998. Also: Presented: Chicago, IL, Population Association of America Meetings, April 1998 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 ID Number: 3139 Publisher: Population Association of America Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. While research has examined how maternal work and family patterns affect pre-school and younger children, we are less well informed about effects in early adolescence, and in particular, how changes in parents' work and family circumstances over time may alter their children's risks for behavior problems. in this analysis, we focus on one aspect of behavior problems, propensities to oppositional action, and study its trajectory from middle childhood (ages 6-7) to early adolescence (ages 10-11), linking this trajectory to maternal employment patterns over the same time period. We study these trajectories for a national sample of 1,917 children aged 10-11 drawn from the Child-Mother data set of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. This is a synthetic cohort constructed by pooling children aged 10-11 in 1990, 1992, and 1994. We focus on three features of maternal employment: the extensiveness of employment, as tapped by the proportion of weeks worked over the last four years; the st ability of employment, as tapped by the number of starts and stops in employment over that period; and the quality of employment, as tapped by the substantive complexity and opportunities for self-direction of the mother's occupation. We include statistical controls for maternal and child characteristics, as well as for family compositional patterns and spouse employment characteristics. We find that the key contrasts are between mothers with no employment at any point, those with intermittent employment, and those with continuous employment. Children of those never employed are most prone to oppositional behavior problems, while those whose mothers were continuously employed are least prone, even after stringent controls for associated human and social capital, family compositional patterns, and quality of employment. Our data also suggest that low to no maternal employment has more negative effects on children not living stably with their fathers over the past four years. The q uality of employment is associated with more stable employment patterns, and we find no independent effect of employment quality on early adolescent outcomes once we take stability and extensiveness into account. Earlier levels of oppositional action (at ages 6-7) are strongly correlated with levels four years later (bivariate r += . 60); multivariate beta = +.52), but earlier levels are not consistently or significantly associated with employment patterns over the four year period, and controlling for those earlier levels does not substantially alter effects of maternal employment patterns previously observed. Thus, these negative impacts of stable non-employment and very low levels of employment persist even when earlier levels of behavior problems are controlled, suggesting that they represent increases over time, not simply persistence of higher levels established at earlier time points. MENAGHAN, ELIZABETH G. MOTT, FRANK L. COOKSEY, ELIZABETH C. JEKIELEK, SUSAN MARIE Work and Family Patterns: Effects Across Generations Presented: East Lansing, MI, Social Capital Conference, April 1998. Also: http://www.ssc.msu.edu/~internat/soccap/Abstracts.htm#menaghan Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 ID Number: 3702 Publisher: Author Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Recent research suggests that childhood and adolescent rates of behavior problems have been rising in the US over the past two decades. At the same time, family composition and parental, especially maternal, employment patterns have also been shifting. While research has focused on how maternal work and family patterns affect pre-school and younger children, we are less well informed about effects in early adolescence, and in particular, how stability and change in parents' work and family circumstances over time may alter their children's risks for behavior problems. In this analysis, we focus on one aspect of behavior problems, propensities to oppositional action, and study its trajectory from middle childhood (ages 6-7) to early adolescence (ages 10-11), linking this trajectory to maternal employment and family composition patterns over the same time period. We study these trajectories for a national sample of 1,917 children aged 10-11 drawn from the Child-Mother data set of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. This is a synthetic cohort constructed by pooling children aged 10-11 in 1990, 1992, and 1994. All multivariate models include controls for cohort membership to capture effects of unmeasured secular changes which may affect the cohorts differently. MENAGHAN, ELIZABETH G. MOTT, FRANK L. COOKSEY, ELIZABETH C. JEKIELEK, SUSAN MARIE Work and Family Patterns: Effects Across Generations Journal of Socio-Economics 29,6 (2000): 587-590 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79 ID Number: 3726 Publisher: Elsevier Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Recent research suggests that childhood and adolescent rates of behavior problems have been rising in the US over the past two decades. At the same time, family composition and parental, especially maternal, employment patterns have also been shifting. While research has focused on how maternal work and family patterns affect pre-school and younger children, there is less information about effect in early adolescence, and in particular, how stability and change in parents' work and family circumstances over time may alter their children's risks for behavior problems. In this analysis, one aspect of behavior problems and propensities to oppositional action are focused on, and the trajectories for a national sample of 1,917 children aged 10-11 drawn from the Child-Mother data set of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth is studied. MENAGHAN, ELIZABETH G. MOTT, FRANK L. JEKIELEK, SUSAN MARIE KOWALESKI-JONES, LORI Children's Behavior Problems: Effects of Current Conditions and Maternal Resources Presented: New York, NY, American Sociological Association, August 1996 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 ID Number: 2957 Publisher: American Sociological Association Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Explores how work & family circumstances shape young children's emotional well-being & behavior, & the extent to which parental resources buffer against adverse effects, using data from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth for a synthetic cohort of 2,343 children ages 6-7, who were born 1979 & 1986. Results suggest 3 aspects of current work & family circumstances are associated with lower levels of children's behavior problems: (1) the presence of the child's father in the family, (2) the mother being employed, & (3) among employed mothers, the mother working in an occupation that offers greater complexity. Maternal resources also matter: mothers with higher self-esteem, lower levels of youthful deviance, & who had avoided smoking during pregnancy had children with lower levels of behavior problems. These resources had directed effects on behavior problems when current work & family circumstances were controlled, & indirect effects through their impact s on curr ent work & family circumstances. Mothers' cognitive resources had no direct effects, but higher education helped to buffer the effects of presence/absence of the child's father. Higher cognitive resources were also associated with better current work & family circumstances. It is concluded that mothers' resources & their current work & family circumstances affect children's well-being; these effects persist despite stringent controls & are predominantly additive in form. From a policy perspective, these results suggest that improvements in current work & family circumstances can enhance children's well-being, even for children whose mothers have poorer emotional & cognitive resources. (Copyright 1996, Sociological Abstracts, Inc., all rights reserved.) MOON, ELIZABETH A. MOTT, FRANK L. Poverty, Welfare, and Family Structure: Consequences for Children's Cognitive Development Presented: Washington, DC, Annual Meetings of the Population Association of America, March 1997 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 ID Number: 2966 Publisher: Population Association of America Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. MOTT, FRANK L. A View from the Cradle: Household and Parental Characteristics and Behaviors from the Perspective of Young Children Working Paper, Columbus OH: Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, 1986 Cohort(s): NLSY79 ID Number: 1674 Publisher: Center for Human Resource Research This report uses data from the 1984 (sixth wave) survey of the NLSY to describe the household structure and parental characteristics of about 4,400 children born to a national cross-section of American mothers 19 to 27 years of age. About 80 percent of these children were under the age of six and most of the rest were between ages six and nine. These children are representative of the first thirty percent of all children born to a typical contemporary cohort of American women entering the childbearing years. The children in this survey include about the first twenty-five percent of children born to white women, the first forty percent to Hispanic women, and the first fifty percent to black women. The home environment of the older children, those of school age, is typical of the home environment of younger elementary school age children who were born to adolescent mothers. The home environment of those below school age may be considered as representative of the homes of a no rmal cross-section of children, mostly born to women between the ages of 18 and 25. This study profiles the home situation of a national cross-section of children and, as the study details, suggests results considerably different from those which are typically presented using cross-sectional data for adult respondents. It focuses on the 95 percent of all children who are living with their mother. MOTT, FRANK L. Absent Fathers and Child Development: Emotional and Cognitive Effects at Ages Five to Nine Columbus OH: Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, 1993 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 ID Number: 1653 Publisher: Center for Human Resource Research This monograph presents the following information in eight chapters: An introduction and overview of the issues on marriage, divorce, and parental presence including a child's view of family. The research sample: who are the study children? Paternal presence and absence in the early years of life including patterning and availability of father substitutes. Differences between father-present and father-absent families. Paternal absence and childrens' behavior problem. Father's absence and child cognition: the cognitive assessments of father's absence and cognition. Father's absence and the home environment including individual home attributes and behaviors, and a child development summary. The last chapter includes a synthesis of what has been found and what it might mean. MOTT, FRANK L. Child Care Use During the First Year of Life: Linkages with Early Child Development Working Paper, Columbus OH: Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, 1989 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 ID Number: 1654 Publisher: Center for Human Resource Research This paper has two interrelated objectives. First, it highlights the advantages and disadvantages of using a large sample national data set such as the NLSY child data for research on the consequences of early child care. Second, the strengths of such a large national data set have been utilized to examine whether or not there are any apparent overt consequences of early-in-life child care for the early childhood cognitive, social and physiological development of children. The three child outcome measures utilized were the Memory for Location (MEMLOC), Motor and Social Development (MSD), and Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test assessments (PPVT). As a generalization, it may be concluded that only limited overall associations are found between the various non-maternal child care arrangements and the MEMLOC and MSD child assessment outcomes. That is, non-maternal child care seems to have only limited effect--either positive or negative--on subsequent early child development. However, early child care does seem to be linked with subsequent performance on the PPVT. In particular, infant girls who receive early non-maternal care subsequently score higher on the PPVT than infant girls who received only maternal care. None of these non-maternal care advantages accrue to young boys. While not identical in terms of patterning or statistical strength, somewhat similar gender differences appear for the MEMLOC assessment. While not exactly a mirror image, evidence consistent with the above may also be extracted from some of the MSD equa- tions. There is systematic evidence that boys with a health problem fare better on the MSD assessment if their first year care arrangements are limited to maternal care. Other relative care, nonrelative care, and in and out of home non-maternal care discussed. MOTT, FRANK L. Data on Mothers and Children from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth Labor Market Experience Columbus OH: Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, 1987 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 ID Number: 1656 Publisher: Center for Human Resource Research These tables are intended to provide potential NLSY data users with some general information about the NLSY data set as well as a variety of sample sizes delimiting various subsets of the NLSY mother and child populations as of the 1986 survey round. The statistics in this report are unweighted sample estimates which may help prospective researchers determine whether or not the sample is appropriate for meeting their research needs. The tabulations should not be viewed as being representative of any national population group. MOTT, FRANK L. Developmental Effects of Infant Care: The Mediating Role of Gender and Health Journal of Social Issues 47,2 (Summer 1991): 139-158 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 ID Number: 1657 Publisher: Plenum Publishing Corporation This research used the 1986 Merged Child-Mother Data File from the NLSY to explore how various forms of infant care in a child's first year were linked with scores at ages one-to-four on the Memory for Location, Motor and Social Development, and Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test measures. The extent to which these linkings were mediated by an infant's health and gender was examined and important distinctions were noted. In particular, healthy infant girls received some cognitive advantage by being cared for extensively by caretakers other than their mother during infancy, whereas infant boys with health problems gained socioemotionally by spending more time with their mothers. More generally, it was concluded that usually, the average young child's ability to cope intellectually and socioemotionally (as measured on the above scales) is not affected in major ways either positively or negatively by the generic nature of his or her child care arrangement. MOTT, FRANK L. Do Fathers Make a Difference? The Determinants and Consequences of Fathers' Absence from the Home of Younger Children Book Prospectus, Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, October 1991 Cohort(s): NLSY79 ID Number: 1658 Publisher: Center for Human Resource Research The traditional American family, encompassing two parents and two children represents only a modest proportion of all family units. This phenomenon is a reflection of many social, economic and demographic forces, not the least of which are the extraordinary recent increases in marital dissolution and the tendency of substantial proportions of women to have and raise children not only outside of formal marriage arrangements, but without having the father of the child (or children) present. While there is no doubt that raising children in a socially and psychologically less privileged environment has negative consequences for mother and children, the extent to which this is true for the contemporary generation of fatherless American children is at least partially open to question. Much of the available academic literature which examines the determinants and consequences--for mother and child--of marital "disruption" is based on intellectual and empirical premises more attuned to the family and social structure of prior generations. Thus, the implied consequences of fatherless homes are often based on somewhat dated notions of normative "correctness". To some extent, the tendency for many researchers to remain wedded to traditional concepts and methods is linked with data constraints. Most data sources are quite limiting in terms of defining relationship processes over time, because most research has focused on the association between the legal form of the parental relationship and its effect on the children rather than concentrating on the parent-child relationship. This research uses a unique data set, the NLSY, to explore several issues: First, the family experiences of children from their perspective and second, the independent effect of various father absence family forms on a child's intellectual and emotional development. MOTT, FRANK L. Early Fertility Behavior Among American Youth: Evidence from the 1982 NLS of Labor Force Behavior of Youth Presented: Dallas TX, American Public Health Association, 1983 Cohort(s): NLSY79 ID Number: 1659 Publisher: American Public Health Association Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This article, using data from the fourth interview round (1982) of the NLSY, investigates the fertility and fertility related characteristics of the sample. First births, contraception use, desire to have children, sexual activity and abortion likelihood are all investigated, along with their relationship to age, color, educational aspirations, parents' education, religion, self esteem, drug use, socioeconomic status, and career orientations. MOTT, FRANK L. Employment Revolution: Young American Women In the 1970's Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1982 Cohort(s): Young Men, Young Women ID Number: 1660 Publisher: MIT Press Changing female work behavior has been intimately intertwined with changes in how both men and women view the roles of women in society. The authors provide insights into why women choose to work outside the home. Most prior empirical research has been rather narrowly focused on economic considerations, but motivations for women's work are much more complex. Chapter 1 considers the extent to which the changing employment profile of the young adult female population has been paralleled by a dramatic demographic transition. In chapter 2, records of brothers and sisters were matched to show how family background can work for or against educational and early career success. Chapter 3 more directly tests the link between a woman's family and work intentions and behaviors and how this link reflects her earlier experience. The need for including both economic and noneconomic orientations in evaluating women's work motivations is clarified more directly in chapter 4, which combines data from mother-daughter pairs. Chapter 5 continues earlier research that documented how relatively large proportions of women now retain close labor force ties at those life-cycle points when traditionally women left employment. Chapter 6 documents the effect changing attitudes have had on recent escalation in female work activity. Chapter 7 focuses on several different issues but emphasizes the invariance of many women's work activity in the face of other events, in this instance divorce and remarriage. MOTT, FRANK L. Evaluation of Fertility Data and Preliminary Analytical Results from the 1983 (Round 5) Survey of the National Longitudinal Surveys of Work Experience of Youth Columbus OH: Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, 1985 Cohort(s): NLSY79 ID Number: 1661 Publisher: Center for Human Resource Research In the present report, the evaluations carried out with respect to the 1983 NLSY data were selectively updated and a number of analyses focusing on specific substantive issues were presented. A major objective of these analyses, which focused on (1) early school leaving and fertility, (2) early parity progression, and (3) fertility expectations, was to clarify issues relating to the quality of those data and to convey to other researchers some of the unique aspects of this longitudinal data set. All of these analyses have been revised and are available in revised form from the CHRR. One other major focus of the data evaluation was to examine the quality of the abortion records by comparing the original abortion reports with results from a confidential abortion reporting scheme in the 1984 survey round. MOTT, FRANK L. Father Absence from the Home: Consequences for Early Childhood Cognitive Development Presented: Santa Monica CA, RAND Conference on Economic and Demographic Aspects of Intergenerational Relations, 1992 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 ID Number: 1662 Publisher: RAND This study uses data from the 1979 through 1986 waves of the NLSY and linked child assessment data to explore associations between a father's absence from the home and the cognitive development of children between the ages of three and seven. The research describes in detail linkages between various paternal-absence family forms (e.g., visitation in comparison with a "new man" present in comparison with no man present; father never present in comparison with father previously present) and a child's scores on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test and the PIAT reading recognition, comprehension and mathematics assessments controlling for a wide range of maternal and post-paternal absence family factors, testing a number of hypotheses suggested by the literature as potentially important predictors of child cognitive development. This includes (but is not limited to) examining the relevance of father presence or absence per se, the extent to which a visiting father or a new man in the home can moderate (or exacerbate) the effect of a biological father's non-residence and whether a father's recent absenting in comparison with never having been present makes a difference. Gender and racial variations are explored. Among the results: (1) a father's absence from the home shows only limited association with younger children's cognitive development even without any controls for background factors which can be anticipated to be associated both with father's absence and child cognition; (2) controlling for child behavior problems does not affect the association between father's absence and cognition in any way; (3) father's absence does not appear to adversely impact on young boys mathematical competence (it does adversely effect black girls); and (4) there is systematic evidence that continuing contact with an absent biological father is a preferable situation for white girls in comparison with living in an environment which includes a new man in the home. MOTT, FRANK L. Fertility-Related Data in the 1982 National Longitudinal Survey of Work Experience of Youth: An Evaluation of Data Quality & Some Preliminary Analytical Results Report, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 1983 Cohort(s): NLSY79 ID Number: 1663 Publisher: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development The quality of the fertility related data in the 1982 round of the NLSY is evaluated, and highlights of findings from these fertility data are summarized. The study specifies the potential magnitude of reporting errors, how these potential error levels are related to characteristics of the respondents, and the procedures used to clean up the fertility records. Differentials in period and cohort birth rates are also examined, as are sexual activity and contraception, birth wantedness, and pregnancy outcomes for selected respondent characteristics within cross tabular and multivariate frameworks. The multivariate results suggest the utility of a variety of background factors and more proximate respondent attitudes and behaviors for investigating a variety of adolescent and young adult fertility related attitudes and behavior. MOTT, FRANK L. Impact of Father's Absence from the Home on Subsequent Maternally Reported Behavior Problems of Younger Children Presented: Seattle WA, Society for Research in Child Development, 1991 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 ID Number: 1664 Publisher: Society for Research in Child Development Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This research uses child assessment data in the 1986 NLSY to explore mechanisms through which a father's absence from the home can impact on behavior problems for a national sample of children between the ages of four and six. The scales utilized were created by Drs. Nicholas Zill and James Petersen of Child Trends Inc. to measure frequency, range, and type of childhood behavior problems. The items were derived from the Achenbach Behavior Problems Checklist and other child behavior scales. Early results suggest pronounced behavioral effects in evidence primarily for younger white girls, but few effects of a father's absence are evidenced for white boys or black younger children. The strongest effects are (among white girls) for the headstrong, hyperactive, and dependency dimensions--particularly where a father had been present post-birth, permanently left the home, and has not visited the child. MOTT, FRANK L. Impact of Father's Absence from the Home on Subsequent Cognitive Development of Younger Children: Linkages Between Socio-Emotional and Cognitive Well-Being Presented: Pittsburgh, PA, American Sociological Association Annual Meetings, August 1992 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 ID Number: 1665 Publisher: American Sociological Association Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This paper uses data from the 1979 through 1988 rounds of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and accompanying child supplements to explore linkages between a father's absenting himself from the home during a child's early years of life and subsequent socio-emotional and cognitive development (as measured by scores on a Behavior Problems index and PIAT mathematics and reading assessments. The children in the sample were all born between the 1979 and 1983 survey rounds to a national sample of women who were 14 to 21 on January 1, 1979; the children were between five and eight years of age. Systematic patterns of socio-emotional and cognitive disadvantage associated with a fathers absence per se were most pronounced for white boys. Additionally, for all except black girls, father-absent children who did not have access to a significant father figure scored lower than their counterparts on a Behavior Problems index. From a statistical perspective, significant associations between overall detrimental behavior problem scores and lesser cognitive development were found; however, in a substantive sense, these linkages were modest. To the extent that emotional-cognitive linkages are mediated by father's absence, commonalities are most likely to reflect common socio-economic origins-linked with maternal education, intelligence and economic well-being. MOTT, FRANK L. Looking Backward: Post Hoc Reflections on Longitudinal Surveys In: Looking at Lives: American Longitudinal Studies of the Twentieth Century. E. Phelps, F. F. Furstenberg, Jr., and A. Colby eds., New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2002 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLS General, NLSY79 ID Number: 3940 Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation The impact of long-term longitudinal studies on the landscape of 20th century social and behavioral science cannot be overstated. The field of life course studies has grown exponentially since its inception in the 1950s, and now influences methodologies as well as expectations for all academic research. Looking at Lives offers an unprecedented "insider's view" into the intentions, methods, and findings of researchers engaged in some of the 20th century's landmark studies. In this volume, eminent American scholars -- many of them pioneers in longitudinal studies -- provide frank and illuminating insights into the difficulties and the unique scientific benefits of mounting studies that track people's lives over a long period of time.
Looking at Lives includes studies from a range of disciplines, including psychology, sociology, and education, which together cover a span of more than fifty years. The contributors pay particular attention to the changing historical, cultural, and scientific context of their work, as well as the theoretical and methodological changes that have occurred in their fields over decades...[Copyright, Russell Sage Foundation, 2002]
PATEL, DIANE B. LYNCH, JAMIE L. MOTT, FRANK L. Good Parenting: Do Younger Parents Learn from Their Mothers? Presented: New York, NY, Population Association of America Annual Meetings, March 29-31, 2007. Also: http://paa2007.princeton.edu/abstractViewer.aspx?submissionId=71422 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult ID Number: 5503 Publisher: Population Association of America Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. In ongoing research, we are utilizing a unique data set, the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1979 cohort) and their Young Adult children, to explore cross generational connections in the propensity of young men and women at adolescent and young adult ages to follow parenting practices evidenced by their mothers a generation earlier. Our particular focus will be to contrast their mother’s child-raising behaviors (NLSY79) for their children in the 1980s with how these young women and men (NLSY Young Adults) are currently raising the children in their households, as evidenced using the HOME scale (Caldwell and Bradley 1984). In addition to describing these cross generational connections, we will focus on the extent to which these connections may retain their independence in a multivariate context after controlling for a wide range of factors available in the data set that might be considered to be independently linked with parenting behaviors. SHAPIRO, DAVID MOTT, FRANK L. Effects of Selected Variables on Work Hours of Young Women Monthly Labor Review 106,7 (July 1983): 31-34 Cohort(s): Young Women ID Number: 2188 Publisher: U.S. Department of Labor This research summary reports on estimates of the determinants of hours of work among women in their twenties for the two periods, 1968-73 and 1973-78. Educational attainment and fertility status are key determinants of hours worked among both blacks and whites, and husband's earnings are significantly associated with the hours of work of white wives. Over the course of the decade, there is a pattern among both whites and blacks of reduced impact on labor supply of being married and of husband's earnings, lesser effect of educational attainment among non-mothers and larger effects of schooling among mothers. There is a clear trend toward greater work activity among mothers, and it is the better- educated (high-wage) mothers who are leading the way. SHAPIRO, DAVID MOTT, FRANK L. Labor Force Attachment during the Early Childbearing Years: Evidence from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Young Women Annales de l'INSEE 30-31 (April-September 1978): 565-98 Cohort(s): Young Women ID Number: 2189 Publisher: INSEE (Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This paper presents unique data on labor force attachment of young American women during the periods immediately surrounding the first and second births. In the context of neoclassical labor-supply theory and utilizing both cross-sectional and longitudinal data sets, factors contributing to variations in labor force attachment among these women are examined. The researchers find that the empirical results from the cross-sectional and longitudinal data sets are generally consistent with each other and for the most part supportive of neoclassical labor supply theory. SHAPIRO, DAVID MOTT, FRANK L. Labor Supply Behavior of Prospective and New Mothers Demography 16,2 (May 1979): 199-208 Cohort(s): Young Women ID Number: 2190 Publisher: Population Association of America Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Utilizing unique data generated from the NLS of Young Women, this paper examines the labor force participation of young mothers in the months immediately preceding and following the birth of the first child. Labor supply behavior at this point in the life cycle is described in greater detail than has hitherto been available. In addition, the independent effect of several factors of interest on the probability that a young woman will be in the labor force during various intervals surrounding the first birth is analyzed. SHAPIRO, DAVID MOTT, FRANK L. Long-Term Employment and Earnings of Women in Relation to Employment Behavior Surrounding the First Birth Presented: Minneapolis, MN: Donner Foundation - University of Minnesota Industrial Relations Center Workshop on the Economic Well-Being of Women and Children, 1991 Cohort(s): Young Women ID Number: 2191 Publisher: Author Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This paper examines the extent to which the employment activities of women overtime are linked to their work behavior during the period immediately before and after the birth of their first child. Utilizing data from the NLS of Young Women 1968-1987, the authors find that, for the women studied, employment behavior at first birth tends to be a significant independent predictor of lifetime work experience. Differences in current and recent work behavior according to first-birth employment status were found to persist but diminish over time. However, such differences were still evident 14-19 years after the first birth particularly for women who returned to work shortly after the child's birth. These differences in employment behavior translate into improved economic well-being, although somewhat differently for whites and blacks. Other things being equal, the greater lifetime work experience of whites who worked both just before and just after the first birth is associated with an average wage premium of nearly 18 percent compared to those who were not employed during this period of time. The corresponding wage premium for the most strongly attached whites as compared to those who worked just before the birth but not immediately after was approximately 13 percent. Among the blacks studied, there was a distinctly smaller wage premium, amounting to 6 percent at the most, associated with greater lifetime work experience. The authors conclude that policies aimed at facilitating retention of employment at the outset of childbearing might not only contribute to a greater supply of female workers but could eventually lead to demand-side changes that would enhance women's opportunities for advancement in the labor market. Search returned 123 items. Search Start: 04:12:34 Search Finish: 04:12:35
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